911:Vatican & Jesuits

From Wikicompany

Note the main sources for the facts claimed here can be found on these pages: Literature, History of oppression, Occult symbolism and Masons.

" For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence--on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day. It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations. Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed." - John F. Kennedy's secret society speech on April 27, 1961 (murdered on November 22, 1963). (long audio version, short video version)

Introduction

The Jesuit Order is an almost 500-year old covert operations, geo-political, male-only organization, structured as a secret military operation: demanding secret oaths and complete obedience to each direct superior, which is ultimately the Superior General (often nicknamed as the Black Pope, since he dresses in black and 'stands in the shadow' of the white Pope).

The "Society of Jesus" - as they are officially known - was originally used by the Vatican to counter the various Reformation movements in Europe, to which the Vatican lost much of its religious and political power. Absolute -temporal- ruling power has always been the Vatican institution's primary objective.

The Jesuit Order is since 1814 (see: History of oppression) in complete control of the - obscenely wealthy - Vatican institution (and its Catholic clergy hierarchy) and presently also controls various other organizations together with the Military Order of Malta (see below), such as the United Nations, NATO, European Commission, Council on Foreign Relations, various central banks, big corporations, secret services, and numerous societies and cults, such as Freemasonry ("The Brotherhood") and Opus Dei.

265th Pope Ratzinger and 30th Jesuit General Adolfo Nicolás.

35th Jesuit general congregation at the Vatican in 2008.

Saint Peter's Square in Vatican City.

It is also important to note that the Jesuit-controlled Vatican is since 1929 being cast (and accepted) as a sovereign microstate called Vatican City, with its own:

• Head of State and cabinet (the Holy See, which consists of the Papal non-hereditary monarchy and the Curia).
• Central bank (Vatican Bank).
• Jurisdiction rules (Canon Law, Admiralty law).
• Some 147 (tosource) international agreements (diplomatic treaties which where formerly called Concordats or Lateran Treaties, which grant the Vatican special national privileges).
• Large radial underground network of secret archives (estimated at 84 kilometers of shelving space), and a large collection of ancient art works in the Vatican Museums.
• Universal Inquisition office (headed by the American William Levada since 2000), an Italian police force and a Swiss military guard consisting of only Catholic single males with Swiss citizenship and Swiss military training.

Furthermore note that the Jesuit Order, the Catholic clergy and the Military Order of Malta (and many of the other Papal and Royal military orders) have an extremely patriarchal culture. This type of rigid social structure is one of the main aspects of fascistic groups.

"The Jesuits have no women. They have no love of a woman. Because to have a wife, to have a woman, means you have an allegiance to your wife and family, and you cannot obey the General. That’s why they will NEVER be married, and that’s one of the great KEYS to their success." - Eric Jon Phelps

Today the Jesuit Order has about 19.000 members. Of the about 13.500 priest members, some have taken the 4th vow secret oath in which killing a 'heretic' is not considered a crime. The ranks of Jesuits are thinning; From 36,000 members at the order's zenith in the mid-1960's, to 26,000 in 1983, to 23,000 in 1995 [10]. The Jesuits are geographically organized by 91 provinces (61?), which each belong to one of 10 assistancies around the world.

The Military Order of Malta has about 12.500 members (excluding volunteers), and Opus Dei has about 26,000 celibate members (excluding volunteers).

The Vatican-Jesuit-Masonic crusades, up to our present time, show their criminal "full-spectrum dominance" doctrine is effectuated all over the world by:

• War, genocide and depopulation (recent examples: Canadian natives genocide between 1880-1984, the "Vatican managed Serbian genocide during WWII" with an ongoing US court case, and the ongoing Shia muslim genocide in Iraq with over 1.217.892 deaths)
• Political subversions
• Economic slavery
• Poor quality nutrition, healthcare and housing
• Government propaganda (via education, media, science, and religion)
• Suppression of sovereignty, consciousness and spirituality.

Masonic cities

The Vatican-Jesuit-Masonic network operates mainly out of the following cities:

• Vatican City, Rome, Italy. (religious center) (sovereign state since 1929)
• City of London, London, United Kingdom. (economic center) (sovereign state since 1649, owned by the City of London Corporation)
• District of Columbia (which includes Washington D.C.), United States. (military center)
  • The "District of Columbia Act of 1871" turned D.C. into a municipal corporation. Congress has the supreme authority over the city and the federal district, with its own special constitutional amendment since 1961. Furthermore the District of Columbia is judicially governed by the Lex fori as opposed to Lex causae.
    • "There is an increasingly common belief among many that this Act has overturned the United States Constitutional Republic. These theorists state that the "Corporate US" is actually operating under the name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, noting the capital letters as a distinction from the Constitutional Republic." [11]
  • The Jesuit bishop John Carroll was probably the richest man in America in the late 1700's. Carroll allowed funding to construct D.C. (which is nicknamed "Rome on the Potomac"). The owner of the land used to be Francis Pope and his priest was Jesuit Andrew White.
  • Washington D.C.'s original name was Rome, Maryland, and a branch of the Potomac River was called Tiber Creek, which was named after the Tiber river in Rome. Like Rome, Washington D.C. has 7 hills, whose names are: Capitol Hill, Meridian Hill, Floral Hills, Forest Hills, Hillbrook, Hillcrest, and Knox Hill. [12]
  • Other masonic elements in this city: Jesuit Georgetown University, the masonic street layout and monuments, and the 2008 World Conference of Masonic Grand Lodges.
• Other important cities: Geneva, New York, Brussels, Paris, the various microstates, Luxembourg, Strasbourg, Moscow, Hong Kong, ... (aristocratic->masonic->corporate->political networks)

Obelisks

Karnak obelisk, (near Luxor, Egypt)	Heliopolis obelisk (without hieroglyphs??), Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City (placed in 1586) (see also: Obelisks in Rome)	Sanssouci obelisk, Potsdam, Germany (build in 1747)	Gamla stan, Sweden (build in 1800)
Heliopolis obelisk, Paris (placed in 1833 from Thebes, Egypt)	District of Columbia obelisk (build between 1848-1884)	Hyde Park Obelisk, Sydney, Australia (build in 1857)	Heliopolis obelisk, City of London (placed in 1878 from Alexandria, Egypt)
Heliopolis obelisk, New York (placed in 1881 from Alexandria, Egypt)	Buenos Aires obelisk, Argentina (built in 1936)	Altamira, Caracas, Venezuela (build in 1944)	Halde Hoheward, Germany (build in ?) (More obelisk examples)

Jesuit operations

In general it can be said that the Jesuits are mainly involved in:

• 

  

  Coat of arms of the "global city" Geneva - note the Jesuit seal. This Swiss city headquarters the United Nations, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and hundreds of multinational corporations.
  

  

  Post-World War II United Nations propaganda poster
  

  

  Pope Paul VI at the United Nations on October 4, 1965
  

  

  Pope John Paul II at the United Nations on October 2, 1979
  

  

  Pope John Paul II addresses the United Nations in 1995. See also: "UN General Assembly tribute to Pope John Paul II"
  

  

  Pope Ratzinger addresses the UN General Assembly on April 18, 2008
  

  

  Pope Ratzinger blesses the UN flag, New York, April 18, 2008
  

  

  Vatican euro coins depicting Pope John Paul II and Pope Ratzinger
  Miseducation
  • This is their main avenue for - initial and sustained - political control! Through the socially, historically, and scientifically flawed education of millions youngsters and adults. In addition, being able to observe and direct the professional path of the brightest students can help to further their own neurotic agenda, or at least not obstruct it. Consciousness-influencing (aka 'mind-control') through cultural and behavioral consensus-trance shaping is their sacred and secret "Soul science", their "Devine science of Governing", the "Matrix of mental control" which has been developed by the neurotic priesthood and implemented via their masonic networks for thousands of years. Can enough individuals break that 'magic' trance spell to stop the mass neurosis of humanity which puts us into a world of tragedy and pain?
    • Sciences (and university research funding) for the purpose of socio-psychological control
      • Subjects: politics/civics/law, military science, sociology/media, healthcare/psychiatry, 'Romanized' history, astronomy, pseudo philosophy about: culture, science, civics, ethics, morality and religion.
      • Prominent elite schools:
        • Stonyhurst College (UK, 1593, alumni)
        • Georgetown University (US, 1634/1789, alumni)
        • Fordham University (US, 1841, alumni)
        • Fairfield University (US, 1942, alumni)
        • International Visitor Leadership Program (US, 1946/1961, alumni)
          • In 1940 Nelson Rockefeller (Knight of Malta) was named Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (the pre-cursor to the IVLP program). [13]
          • "More than 200 current and former Heads of State, 1,500 cabinet-level ministers, and many other distinguished world leaders in government and the private sector have participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program." [14]
      • See also: Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, partial list of Jesuit educational institutions.
• Religious perversions and propaganda
  • Cult promotion: Catholicism (and its variations and infiltrations), Freemasonry, Satanism, Mysticism, NewAge-ism, Ufology & Aliens (mainly used for disinfo and distraction, but sometimes for the cover up of advanced energy/military research). Cult and disinfo promotion is also done using popularized films, books, websites and events related to these topics.
  • Catholic ecumenism through the Mennonite World Conference (1925, Switzerland, see also: [15]), World Jewish Congress (1936, Switzerland, see also: [16], [17]), World Council of Churches (1937, 340 churches), Lutheran World Federation (1947, 140 churches), Conference of European Churches (1959, 125 churches) meetings, World Alliance of Reformed Churches (1970, 214 churches), World Methodist Council (1881).
    • See also: Nicene Creed (325/381), Charta Oecumenica [18] [19] (2001), International 'Christian' organizations, ENI supporters.
• Political and judicial meddling
  • Tactics:
    • Hegelian dialectic deception politics, by creating/infiltrating/controlling multiple sides to further their own agenda ("thesis + antithesis -> synthesis"). Some examples:
      • Left v. Right political dogma: Democrats v. Republicans, Liberals v. Conservatives, Labour v. Tories, etc. This is the political duopoly trap, where the voting outcome can only swing in two main directions. Any emerging of true political opposition is deflected and extinguished by temporary controlled opposition spin-off's from the main parties and media blackouts and/or smear campaigns.
      • The present focus of many media corporations on "Muslim terror threats", especially after the mass trauma psyop of 9-11, is part of their strategy of tension, to divide groups by fear and polarize people's frustration and anger towards this synthesized enemy or its controlled opposition, instead of the real fascistic threat from the secretive power structures.
      • The artificial global food price crisis versus the centralization of food management structures (examples: Codex Alimentarius UN agenda, Genetically modified food and food irradiation [20] controversies - such as the resistance to correct labelling and nutrient reductions compared to natural whole foods.)
      • Non-Aligned Movement promoted as a 'force against' the United Nations.
    • Misleading people using casuistry.
    • Masonic-insider promotion, infiltration, bribing, threats and assassinations.
    • If the Catholic missions, the Jesuit miseducation and socio-political infiltration strategies do not work in a society, a covert - and later an overt - war-by-proxy is created to achieve their neurotic goals (see also the "Social perversions" point below).
  • Using the many Concordats that have been signed with 'sovereign' nations, to give the Vatican institution special privileges.
  • Socialist-fascist supranational union projects (see also: Continental unions):
    • Central American Union (1991, "Central American Integration System")
    • European Union (1993) (Euro currency), EU institutions and EU projects.
      • The EU has its origins in the European Movement (1947), which was founded by Knight of Malta Joseph Retinger, who also founded the Bilderberg Group (1954).
    • African Union (2002)
    • Asian Union (2002, "Asia Cooperation Dialogue")
    • Pacific Union (proposed in 2003)
    • South American Union (proposed in 2004, signed in 2008)
    • North American Union (proposed in ?, Amero currency)
      • "The NACC (2006) is a largely secretive advisory council to the SPP (2005) consisting of representatives from 30 North American corporations selected by the Chambers of Commerce in the three nations." [21]
    • Mediterranean Union (proposed in 2007)
  • The Vatican City microstate is a member of: ITU (telecommunication), CEPT (telecommunication), Eutelsat (satellite communication), Intelsat (satellite communication), UPU (international mail) and the International Grains Council.
  • The Holy See (Vatican organization) participates as an observer in: African Union, Arab League, Council of Europe, OAS (35 states of the Americas), IOM (migration), and in the United Nations (1942) and its many agencies: FAO (food and agriculture), ILO (labour), UNCTAD (trade and investment), UNEP (environment), UNESCO (education, science, and culture), UN-HABITAT (human settlements), UNHCR (refugees), UNIDO (industry), UNWTO (tourism), WFP (food programs), WHO (healthcare), WIPO (patents, copyrights and trademarks). It participates as a guest in NAM (?), and as a full member in IAEA (nuclear energy), OPCW (chemical weapons), OSCE (international 'security', 3.500+ staff).
    • Other UN agencies: ECOSOC (economy), UNFPA (population and reproduction), UNODC (drugs control), UNDPI (public information)
    • See also:
      • Codex Alimentarius (global food standards commission setup in 1963 by the UN agencies FAO and WHO)
      • Model United Nations (UN simulation workshop for students)
      • Lucis Trust (1920, originally called the "Lucifer Publishing Company"). See also: [22].
    • "In an executive order March 7 2007 President George W. Bush granted diplomatic immunity and privileges to the members of the Holy See's Permanent Observer Mission to the United Nations. Diplomatic immunity ensures safe passage for diplomats outside their home country. They are not subject to lawsuits or prosecution under the laws of the host country." [23]
    • "Brown] has discussed a shake-up of a structure created in 1945 to reflect the world’s new challenges and power bases during his four-day trip to China and India. Last night, British sources revealed “intense discussions” on UN reform were under way and Mr Brown raised it whenever he met another world leader. ... Mr Brown will unveil a proposal for the UN to spend £100m a year on setting up a “rapid reaction force” to stop “failed states” sliding back into chaos after a peace deal has been reached. Civilians such as police, administrators, judges and lawyers would work alongside military peace-keepers." [24]
    • "Fraud and corruption have been rampant at the U.N.’s multi billion-dollar procurement division for years. The world body’s own watchdog, the Office of Internal Oversight Services, has documented some of the illegal activities in reports that reveal how nearly one-third of the procurement contracts involve waste, corruption and other irregularities. Americans should be concerned because the United States annually gives the U.N. $5.3 billion U.S. taxpayer dollars. The funding continues even though the organization, founded six decades ago to maintain international peace and security, has failed miserably and is best known for its severe mismanagement and corruption." [25]
• Social perversions
  • Fascism ideology (Inquisitions, Communism, Labor Zionism, Nazism, Socialism and centrally planned capitalism, Focus on: fear propaganda, conformity, surveillance and repression)
  • Indigenous/Jewish/Christian/Muslim/sovereign culture genocides
  • Poverty promotion and middle-class destruction
  • Pedophile ring support
• Controlling the Vatican institution and its wealth (financial administration, archive management, policy/speech/project approval, clergy promotions, etc.). Parts of this work are delegated to the Opus Dei organization.
• Controlling and working together with an even older - and more secretive - multi-layered, Papal military order, called the Sovereign Military Order of Malta ("Knights of Malta", "Knights Hospitallers", or "SMOM" for short). The SMOM was founded in Jerusalem in 1080 to wage war and steal for the benefit of the Holy Roman Empire. Today, the most influential groups within the SMOM are the Order of the Garter and the Pilgrim Society.

Popery & Heads of state

" Here was the Black Pope's plan. In synchronizing his worldwide overt and covert factions to work the Jesuit Order's evil ends of the Vatican's Counter-Reformation in restoring the Papal Caesar as the absolute Universal Monarch of the World " - Eric John Phelps

Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John XXIII	Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John Paul II	Bush's, Bill Clinton and many other "Dignitaries attending Pope John Paul II's funeral"	G.W. Bush (United States) and Pope Ratzinger
Former Reagan administration employee and controlled opposition US presidential candidate Ron Paul at the Jesuit Georgetown University. Note the Jesuit and Masonic symbolism in the background. See also: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. Quote: "... all of their personal information was data mined by the DHS when they donated money, to his now defunct campaign." [8]	Tony Blair (United Kingdom)	Gordon Brown (United Kingdom)	Angela Merkel (Germany)
Nicolas Sarkozy (France)	Vladimir Putin (Russia)	Mary McAleese (Ireland)	Lech Kaczynski (Poland)
Geir H. Haarde (Iceland)	Ahmet Necdet Sezer (Turkey)	Valdas Adamkus (Lithuania)	Eddie Fenech Adami (Malta)
Albert Pintat Santolària (Andorra)	Željko Komšić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)	Shimon Peres (Israel)	Ehud Olmert (Israel)
Hugo Chavez (Venezuela)	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (Philippines)	Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (Tanzania)	François Bozizé (Central African Republic) (More popery examples)

Military Order of Malta operations

Matthew Festing (79th SMOM Grand Master)

Andrew Bertie (78th SMOM Grand Master) and Pope Ratzinger

Andrew Bertie and Pope Ratzinger

Order of the German Eagle service cross, instituted in 1937 by Adolf Hitler. See also: [9].

Order of the Bath medal. Founded by George I in 1725. See also: member lists and other UK knighthoods

Queen Elizabeth II
Royal member of the inner-core of the Military Order of Malta called the Pilgrim Society

Andrew Bertie and (Jesuit trained Stonyhurst alumni, Knight of Malta, Order of the Bath member, Trilateral Commission member, ...) George H. W. Bush (former CIA director and 41st US President), 1991. See also: Malta Summit 1989.

Maltese euro coins

• Working for and with the Black Nobility, the Vatican and the various Papal and Royal Orders, especially the Jesuits who are ultimately in control of the Vatican and the Military Order of Malta. The SMOM most powerful controlling inner-cores are the Order of the Garter, which in turn is controlled by the Pilgrim Society.
  • "the Commonwealth of Nations, headed by Queen Elizabeth II, is made up of 53 nations, spanning the globe, accounting for one-fifth of the land mass of the Earth, and a very high percentage of its strategic resources and population. Though nominally an alliance of independent states, the Commonwealth was itself founded, in the late 19th Century, as a perpetuation of the British Empire." - Jeffrey Steinberg [26]

• Global business operations
  • Central banks and their superstructure the Bank for International Settlements (1930, Switzerland, 55 central bank members).
    • Examples: Bank of England (1694), Banque de France (1716/1800), US Federal Reserve (1913), Vatican Bank (1942), Deutsche Bundesbank (1948/1957), European Central Bank (1998), ...
      • US Federal Reserve ownership: M.M. Warburg & Co (1798, Germany), Chase Manhattan Bank (1799, US), N M Rothschild & Sons (1811, London), Lazard Brothers Bank (1848, US), Israel Moses Sieff (?, Italy), Lehman Brothers (1850, US), Kuhn (1867, now part of Lehman Brothers) and Goldman Sachs (1869, US).
    • "... the little-known but extremely powerful Bank for International Settlements spent the 1930s and '40s quietly laundering the Nazi's ill-gotten gains under a cloak of neutrality." [27] (See also: Banking in Switzerland)
  • Banks
    • Examples: Citibank, Bank of America (Jesuit controlled), ...
    • Investment banking (real-estate investment & development, venture capital, hedge funds, securities trading, ...)
    • Secret banking and Offshore banking [28]
    • Insurance companies
    • Global control funding organizations:
      • Rockefeller Foundation (1913)
        • "... founded by (Pilgrim Society and Knight of Malta members) John D. Rockefeller ("Senior"), along with his son John D. Rockefeller ("Junior"), and Senior's principal business and philanthropic adviser, Frederick T. Gates, in New York State in 1913."
      • Ford Foundation (1936)
      • International Monetary Fund (1944)
      • World Bank Group (1945)
        • "The World Bank came into formal existence on 27 December 1945 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1 July – 22 July 1944)." ... "Technically the World Bank is part of the United Nations system."
        • World Bank divisions:
          • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1945)
          • International Finance Corporation (1956)
          • International Development Association (1960)
          • International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (1966)
          • Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (1988)
          • See also: World Bank Institute (1955, formerly named the Economic Development Institute), Independent Evaluation Group (formerly called the Operations Evaluation Department).
      • World Federalist Movement (1947, Switzerland)
        • "... brings together organizations and individuals which support the establishment of a global federal system of strengthened and democratized global institutions with plenary constitutional power accountable to the citizens of the world and a division of international authority among separate global agencies." ... "has had Special Consultative Status with the ECOSOC since 1970 and is affiliated with the UN Department of Public Information."
      • European Investment Bank (1958, Luxembourg)
        • "... established in 1958 under the Treaty of Rome to provide financing for capital investment furthering European Union policy objectives ... Outside the Union, the EIB contributes to European development co-operation policy" [29]
        • "With an ever-growing annual lending portfolio of more than EUR 45 billion, the European Investment Bank is probably the largest public international financial institution and unlike many others. It operates worldwide in a wide range of projects, yet does so without clear environmental, social or development procedures or safeguard policies in place." [30]
        • BBC funding case: [31], [32], [33]. Note also that the BBC has a Stonyhurst Jesuit-college trained director-general: Mark Thompson.
      • United Nations Capital Development Fund (1966) (part of the UN Development Programme, 1965)
      • Heritage Foundation (1973)
        • "... received support from nearly 100 major corporations, including Chase Manhattan Bank, Dow Chemical Company, Ford Motor Company, General Motors, GlaxoSmithKline, Mobil, and Procter & Gamble."
      • The Asia Foundation (1974)
        • "Sources of funding for the organization have included the US Agency for International Development, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations Development Program, Australia, Canada, Netherlands and the United Kingdom, an annual appropriation from the U.S. Congress, and contributions from private corporations and foundations."
      • United Nations Foundation (1998)
        • Founded by (Knight of Malta member?, CNN founder) Ted Turner in 1998.
      • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (2000)
        • This largest 'transparently' operating 'charitable' foundation in the world is controlled by 3 trustees: (Club of Rome member, Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire) Bill Gates, (Bilderberg member, Kappa Alpha Theta fraternity member) Melinda Gates, and (insurance billionaire) Warren Buffett". Several Trilateral Commission members work for this 'charity' project.
      • ...
  • Information corporations: Media, Software/IT, Electronics, Telecom.
    • Entertainment distractions, fear propaganda and mind-control operations, informational repression (perpetual copyrights, idea monopolies with patents, DRM information flow control), surveillance networks and social tracking.
  • Military corporations
  • Energy and mining corporations (petroleum, coal, metals, diamonds, water?)
  • Transportation corporations: Shipping, Automotive, Aviation, Airline, Railway.
  • Pharmaceutical corporations
  • Food corporations
    • Svalbard Global Seed Vault:
      • "(Jesuit Georgetown University alumni) European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso and 2004 Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai of Kenya were among the dozens of guests who had bundled up for the ceremony inside the vault ... Dug into the permafrost of the mountain, it has been built to withstand an earthquake or a nuclear strike. ... The operation is funded by the Global Crop Diversity Trust, which was founded by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization and Biodiversity International, a Rome-based research group." [34]
  • ... and various other corporations
    • At the annual meetings of the secretive Bilderberg Group (founded by Knight of Malta Joseph Retinger), geo-politically important business deals are made.
• Political and judicial meddling
  • The Order of Malta retains its claim of sovereignty under international law and has been granted permanent observer status at the United Nations. It issues its own passports, stamps and coins [35]. The Order of Malta has diplomatic relations with 100 countries [36], and its sovereignty is recognized by 105 states [37].
  • Managing global control structures
    • Political structures:
      • Global financial structures (see above)
      • United Nations (1919/1945, formerly called the League of Nations)
        • The Order of Malta has permanent missions to the United Nations and these specialised agencies [38]: UNESCO (education, science, and culture), World Food Programme, IFAD (agriculture), WHO (healthcare), High Commissioner for Refugees, High Commissioner for Human Rights, UNIDO (industrial development).
      • Permanent Court of Arbitration (1899)
        • The Carnegie Foundation (1903) donated of $1.5 million for the construction, management and maintenance of the Peace Palace (1913). The Peace Palace was built to house the Permanent Court of Arbitration and a library of international law. From 1922 on, the building also housed the distinctly separate Permanent Court of International Justice, which later became the International Court of Justice (see below) in 1945. [39]
          • See also: Andrew Carnegie (Pilgrim Society member and sometimes referred to as "the 2nd richest man in history"), Carnegie Mellon University (1900), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (1910), the Wateler Peace Prize award since 1931 by the Carnegie Foundation.
        • International Court of Justice (1945) (The principal judicial body of the United Nations!)
          • See also: Hague Academy of International Law
      • The socialist-fascist European Union (with its 1947 origins of the European Movement, founded by Knight of Malta Joseph Retinger, who also founded the